Roofing



Patented Apr. 8, 1930 UNITED STATES nicnas!) s REYNOLDS,

PATENT o-FFl'cE F LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, ASSIGNOB T0 UNITED STATES FOU:COMPANY, OF LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY BOOFING' Application led October 26,1925. Serial No. 84,887.

The present invention relates to roofing materials such as shingles,roofing strips, and the like. The invention is directed to the provisionof a roofing element of an improved '5, structure and composition, whichis unaf- :Eected by climatic or weather conditions, and

which will not warp, shrink or expand detrimentally. In illustratedembodiments, it is substantially fire and verminfprqpf, is light inweight, possesses excellent heat insulating properties, may be cut andnailed, and may be economically manufactured from inexpensive materialsand installed at low cost.

The objects set forth are attained by the provision of a Tooling elementcomprising a base, a moldable body, anda metallic coating upon thisbodyy and adhering thereto, the body to be applied tothe base in anumber of different ways. f

The base employed may be of a composition which may be molded into formand hardened; it may be wood; it may be a laminated structure; infact,it may be of any sheet material which should be thoroughly dry so thatit will not warp, and which may be sawn as may be necessary for layingand which has body suicient to be nailed in position.

A body particularly suitable for the present invention is one comprisingrelatively a0 thin boards which do not make good lumber because of thepresence of knots or knot holes ory both. Such a base is not expensiveand if thoroughly dry when prepared, is non-warping. Wood tends to makea roof more desirable by conserving in cold weather the heat within thebuilding on whichl used,` and resisting the radiation of heatijii hotWeather.

It willA not deteriorate to any great extent` should defects in themetallic coating existg' 44o and the fact that it will notreadily warpwhen employed in this manner increases the endurance and life of theroof under the most severe exposure.

'Ihev coating for the base is a combination,

e5 in suitable proportions, of paper and asphalt. The paper is saturatedwith asphalt and is particularly suitable as a body for a metal roofingsheet to be applied to wood, because its coeilicient of expansion withvariations in temperature and moisture is practicallyzero.

- invention changes of temperature e low so as to elimi-l nate the daner of detaching the metal coat- \ing from suc lbody as a result ofexpansion and contraction of the metal with changes of temperature.Theexpansion of the wood base is practically nil, also.

The base may be of any form suitable for application of the bod andmetal covering to a roof; preferably, t e base is shapedinto the form ofa rectangular shingle of decreasing thickness as its top is approached.This is not a necessary requirement to the success of the invention,however.

The body of saturated `paper has a coating of metal applied to it insuch amanner as to cause it to adhere directly to the surface of thebody. A most eicient metal is zinc, rolled into sheets. For the'purposeofap lying such a body to the sheet zinc, the surace of the metal isbrought into intimate contact with the saturated paper. Heat or pressureor both may be applied. The asphalt possessses an adhesiveness suiicientto hold the body and sheet metal to ether.

lThe metal applied to t e body, and the body a plied to the base, allowsfor the irregularit1es ofthe base, and becomes, for the closely adherentthin metallic coating, a protection as well as a reinforcement for thebase.`

Several embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanyingdrawings. In the drawings:

Figurel is an elevational view partly in section showing my improvedroofing element applied to a standard roof.

Figure 2 1s a plan view of a strip which is l an element whereinmodifications in the grouping of the ployed. J

Like reference characters are used to desi ate similarparts in thedrawing and in t e description which follows.

Reference should be had to the details of Figures 1, 2 and 3 of thedrawings. numeral 10 designates the section of. a roof of a buildingover the gable end upon which roof my improved roofing has been placed.

parts of the element are `em- The roofing is designated 11 andcomprises.

a middle or Wide section 12, an upper section 13 and a lower section13". In this particular embodiment, there is no base. The metal ortionis designated M and the body or packing by the letter P. The edge or thelower section 13b of strip 12 is turned under. The upplr strip orsection 13 is turned over and bac Strip 12 may be made in rolls ofmaterial having longitudinal scores like those shown'l in Figure 2, andhaving a cross section as illustrated in Figure 3. The scoring 14 at thelower edge of the material is to permit ready folding under of section12, and that, 15, at the upper edge permits the turning of the section13 upwardly and over. When so made, cuts of proper length are removedfrom the roll and laid in the manner shown in Figure 1, thearticulations in the material being made subsequent to cutting it to aproper length.

Naturally, the material illustrated in Figure 1 may be cut inpredetermined lengths during the process of manufacture, and suchpredetermined lengths may be secured, when desired, to a Wooden or otherbase before being laid. The coating may be adhesively or otherwiseapplied to such base.

In Figure 1, the method of oining strips is principally illustrated. Forexample, section 13'* of an upper strip 11 is secured to section 13b ofthe contiguous lower strip `1l, so that the sections 13a and 13binterlock and prevent leakage in the jointure therebetween. Nails 16 maybe driven through sections 13"L and 13b before the upper strip isarticulated upon the score 15. v

The precise physical operation of laying is unimportant, but -no matterhow laid, there is economy of operation in employing the materialillustrated. and when the material is supplied in rolls, there is notonly a marked saving in freight and in production costs, but also inthelabor for laying. for there is nothing for the mechanic to do but cutthe material to proper length and nail. Nails 16 disposed as they areillustrated avoid leakages and present upon the roof anunbroken slantingsurface of strips which is free from punctures.

The body P permits of making a very tight seam between strips. Thismaterial P is compressible, being paper saturated with asphal- The. l

tum, and therefore lends itself to sealingthe joint. The asphaltum inthe paper provldes cohesiveness which will cause the abutting y sectionsof the paper to eventually unite from mere contact. The application ofheat to the metal will tend -to hasten such unison of the backing P.

It is proper to describe a modified forni'of this embodiment of theinvention. A most serviceable roof comprises a plurality of strips Munited at their joints by a low meltingsolder. AIn fact a thin sheet ofsolder may be used as a backing, making it possible to seal theseamsbetween interlocking sections by mere external application of heatby blow torch or otherwise.

.A joint between strips having a paper or other backing may be sealed bycementing with a waterproof glue.

In Figures 4, 5 and 6, a base W is shown. This is a strip of wood likeor comprising a weather board, a shingle, or another relatively thinmember, and which may be wedge, shaped as illustrated, or otherwise.

In Figure 4, the strip W is but partly covered by a metal sheet M upon abody P. The covering for the strip W comprises a body 20, afolded underloose or unattached extension 21 at the bottom thereof, and a foldedback portion or section 22 at the top. The metal M and backing P extendbut part of the way toward the top of strip W, and the metal and backingare arranged to interlock in the same manner as the embodimentillustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3. In this arrangement, nails may bedriven through the strip W and need not be inserted through the metal Mor paper P. This provides a series of unpunctured metal strips as theexposed surface of the roof. A

In Figures 5 and 6, a completely covered strip is shown. Upon a Wood orother base W, are two separate and independent cut portions of material,31 and 32, the body P and the covering M.' The major portion of each cutsection 31 and 32 of the coating of P and M is upon the iiat side of thestrip W, both sections 3l and 32 having extension portions. Theextension portion 33 of the material 31 at the top extends downwardlyand underneath the strip W where it provides a loose fiap, and thebottom portion of material 32 has an extension section extendingupwardly and over the top'of strip W to provide the loose flap 34.

In laying the strips W shown in Figure 4, the flaps 33 and 34 are madeto interlock, and the nails or other means used to secure the strips Wmay be driven through the interlocked flaps 33 and 34, and the lowerstrip W. Leakage could not possibly occu'r` with such a secure jointureas described, and an entirely coveredy strip posseses `marked adVantages of long life and great strength, while the core W of such aroofing material may be of unsightly wood or other material, and of saidstrips at the interlocking edges therehence cheaply procured. It may beso full of and about said fasteners responsive to the of knots and knotholes that it would be useapplication of the pressure applied theretoful for no other purpose. during laying. 5 In Figure 6, the strip Wprovides a core, v RICHARD S. REYNOLDS. o

and parts 4l, 42, 43 and 44 correspond to the parts 31, 32, 33 and 34 ofFigure 5. At the inner ends of the cut sheets 41 and 42, respectfully,are extensions 45 and 46, whichl cover the narrow edges of strip W.These 75 extensions, 45 and 46, thus provide a more complete protectionfor the core W and great er strength for the complete unit. The mannerof laying the strip shown in Figure 6 is the same as described for thestrip illusa0 trated in Figure 5.

It should be quite manifest that all the forms which the inventionmaytake are not illustrated in the single sheet of drawing,

hence, there is no intention to be limited to 35 the precise embodimentsshown in this application, but on the contrary, to be bound only by thelimitations, expressed in the appended claim.

It is worthy of note that the roofing ma- 9o terial may be laid withoutpuncture. When punctured, the perforated part is remote from exposure torain water or thawing snow or ice. As illustrated, the expansion andcontraction due to changes in temperature are 95 negligible, becausezinc is the preferred metal coating, and because the metallic sheet isrelatively thin. There are no exposed edges when the roof is laid. Thematerial is economical to make. Only v 100 the lowest grades of woodneed be employed and the metal coating exceedingly thin. There is norust or oxidation of Azinc vto cause it to become thin or leaky, and itis seemingly everlasting. A 105 I claim:

i roofing strip adapted to be made'in rolls comprising a pliable butrelatively thick treated fabric body portion, and a relatively thinmetallicsheetof the same width as said 110 body and adhering to thesurface of said body portion, said body portion and said sheet havingparallel longitudinal `complemental scores providing edge sectionsadapted to be articulated to interlock `with the 115 adjacentarticulated edge sections ofl strips of like material to etl'ect aweatherproof joinder therebetween, the texture of the laminated andscored strip being such that when 12o overlapping and interlocking edgesections, said body portion maybe unarticulated or in angular position`in relation to Asaid edge section so as to uncover the interlocked edge'i 125 section of contiguous strips, the material of said body extendingover such fasteners when said strip is in its articulated and laidposition, the body portion being treated with n. material effective tocreate a. hermetic seal no fasteners are being inserted through said 4/

